The following January, Mary bore another son, named William, after her father. In November 1814, Harriet Shelley bore a son and, in February 1815, Mary Godwin gave birth prematurely to a child who died two weeks later. After six weeks, out of money, they returned to England.
Shelley also became enamored of Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft’s daughter, Mary, and, in 1814, they eloped to Europe. The poem emerged from Shelley’s friendship with the British philosopher William Godwin, and it expressed Godwin’s freethinking Socialist philosophy. Two years later he published his first long serious work, Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem. Once married, Shelley moved to the Lake District of England to study and write. This left him in dire financial straits for the next two years.Īt age nineteen, Shelley eloped to Scotland with sixteen-year-old Harriet Westbrook. Shelley refused, which led to a complete break between him and his father. Shelley could have been reinstated if his father had intervened, but this would have required his disavowing the pamphlet and declaring himself a Christian. In 1811, Shelley continued this prolific outpouring with more publications, including another pamphlet that he wrote and circulated with Hogg titled “The Necessity of Atheism,” which got him expelled from Oxford after less than a year. That same year, Shelley and another student, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, published a pamphlet of burlesque verse, “Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson,” and with his sister Elizabeth, Shelley published Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire. Robinson, 1810), in which he voiced his own heretical and atheistic opinions through the villain Zastrozzi. He began writing poetry while at Eton, but his first publication was a Gothic novel, Zastrozzi (G. He attended Eton College for six years beginning in 1804, and then went on to Oxford University. The eldest son of Timothy and Elizabeth Shelley, with one brother and four sisters, he stood in line to inherit not only his grandfather’s considerable estate but also a seat in Parliament. Percy Bysshe Shelley was born August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, England.
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